{"id":2778,"date":"2024-05-30T13:31:07","date_gmt":"2024-05-30T13:31:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/machining-quote.com\/?p=2778"},"modified":"2024-05-31T06:22:59","modified_gmt":"2024-05-31T06:22:59","slug":"transition-metals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/machining-quote.com\/ar\/bolg\/transition-metals\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<h4>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/h4>\n<ul>\n    <li><a href=\"#physical-properties\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/a>\n        <ul>\n            <li><a href=\"#high-density-and-strength\">\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n            <li><a href=\"#high-melting-and-boiling-points\">\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n            <li><a href=\"#conductivity\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644<\/a><\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n    <\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#chemical-properties\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/a>\n        <ul>\n            <li><a href=\"#variable-oxidation-states\">\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n            <li><a href=\"#formation-of-colored-compounds\">\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n            <li><a href=\"#catalytic-properties\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n    <\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#uses-of-transition-metals\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a>\n        <ul>\n            <li><a href=\"#industrial-applications\">\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/a>\n                <ul>\n                    <li><a href=\"#construction-and-manufacturing\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/a><\/li>\n                    <li><a href=\"#electronics\">\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li>\n                    <li><a href=\"#automotive-industry\">\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li>\n                <\/ul>\n            <\/li>\n            <li><a href=\"#biological-importance\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/a>\n                <ul>\n                    <li><a href=\"#hemoglobin-and-oxygen-transport\">\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/a><\/li>\n                    <li><a href=\"#enzyme-function\">\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645<\/a><\/li>\n                <\/ul>\n            <\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n    <\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#examples-of-transition-metals\">\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a>\n        <ul>\n            <li><a href=\"#iron\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f)<\/a><\/li>\n            <li><a href=\"#copper\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633)<\/a><\/li>\n            <li><a href=\"#nickel\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 (\u0646\u064a)<\/a><\/li>\n            <li><a href=\"#other-notable-transition-metals\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/a><\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n    <\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#conclusion\">\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 id=\"physical-properties\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"high-density-and-strength\">\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0634\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"high-melting-and-boiling-points\">\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644: \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/h4>\n<table>\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646<\/th>\n            <th>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/th>\n            <th>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f)<\/td>\n            <td>1538<\/td>\n            <td>2862<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633)<\/td>\n            <td>1085<\/td>\n            <td>2562<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u063a\u0633\u062a\u0646 (\u062b)<\/td>\n            <td>3422<\/td>\n            <td>5555<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<h3 id=\"conductivity\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/h4>\n<table>\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646<\/th>\n            <th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (S\/m)<\/th>\n            <th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (W\/m\u00b7K)<\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633)<\/td>\n            <td>5.96 \u00d7 10<sup>7<\/sup><\/td>\n            <td>401<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 (\u062d\u062c)<\/td>\n            <td>6.30 \u00d7 10<sup>7<\/sup><\/td>\n            <td>429<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td>\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 (\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627)<\/td>\n            <td>4.10 \u00d7 10<sup>7<\/sup><\/td>\n            <td>317<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<h2 id=\"chemical-properties\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"variable-oxidation-states\">\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n\n<h4>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b +2 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0632) \u0648+3 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0643). \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0630\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"formation-of-colored-compounds\">\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 dd. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644: \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/h4>\n<table>\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th>\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a<\/th>\n            <th>\u0645\u064f\u062c\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0639<\/th>\n            <th>\u0644\u0648\u0646<\/th>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 (\u0643\u0631<sup>3+<\/sup>)<\/td>\n            <td>\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 (Cr<sub>2<\/sub>\u064a\u0627<sub>3<\/sub>)<\/td>\n            <td>\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a (\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629<sup>2+<\/sup>)<\/td>\n            <td>\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a (CoCl<sub>2<\/sub>)<\/td>\n            <td>\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 (\u0646\u064a<sup>2+<\/sup>)<\/td>\n            <td>\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 (NiSO<sub>4<\/sub>)<\/td>\n            <td>\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<h3 id=\"catalytic-properties\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n<h4>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0625\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"uses-of-transition-metals\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"industrial-applications\">\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<h4 id=\"construction-and-manufacturing\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0627\u0637\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n\n<h4 id=\"electronics\">\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<h4 id=\"automotive-industry\">\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/h4>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"biological-importance\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<h4 id=\"hemoglobin-and-oxygen-transport\">\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/h4>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645. \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645.<\/p>\n\n<h4 id=\"enzyme-function\">\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0643\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 300 \u0625\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"examples-of-transition-metals\">\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642. \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"iron\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f)<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f. \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"copper\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633)<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"nickel\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 (\u0646\u064a)<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"other-notable-transition-metals\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/h3>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<h4 id=\"titanium\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (\u062a\u064a)<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a. \u0625\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n<h4 id=\"chromium\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645)<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0648\u0643\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<h4 id=\"zinc\">\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 (\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643)<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"conclusion\">\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/machining-quote.com\/ar\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Transition metals are a group of elements found in the d-block of the periodic table. Known for their unique properties and wide range of applications, they play a crucial role in various industries, from manufacturing to biology. In this guide, we&#8217;ll explore what makes these metals special and why they are so important in both [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2834,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_gspb_post_css":"","content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2778","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mechanical-design-tips"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/machining-quote.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2778","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/machining-quote.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/machining-quote.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/machining-quote.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/machining-quote.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2778"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/machining-quote.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2778\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2779,"href":"https:\/\/machining-quote.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2778\/revisions\/2779"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/machining-quote.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2834"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/machining-quote.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2778"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/machining-quote.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2778"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/machining-quote.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2778"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}