{"id":2665,"date":"2024-05-27T17:14:24","date_gmt":"2024-05-27T17:14:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/machining-quote.com\/?p=2665"},"modified":"2024-05-29T16:23:27","modified_gmt":"2024-05-29T16:23:27","slug":"15-properties-of-metalloids","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/machining-quote.com\/ja\/bolg\/15-properties-of-metalloids\/","title":{"rendered":"\u30e1\u30bf\u30ed\u30a4\u30c9\u306e15\u306e\u7279\u6027\uff1a\u77e5\u308a\u305f\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306e\u3059\u3079\u3066"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4 id=\"table-of-contents\">\u76ee\u6b21<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#introduction\">\u306f\u3058\u3081\u306b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#1-intermediate-electrical-conductivity\">1. \u4e2d\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e\u96fb\u6c17\u4f1d\u5c0e\u6027<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#valence-band-structure\">\u4fa1\u96fb\u5b50\u5e2f\u69cb\u9020<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#temperature-dependence\">\u6e29\u5ea6\u4f9d\u5b58\u6027<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#doping-and-impurities\">\u30c9\u30fc\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u3068\u4e0d\u7d14\u7269<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#2-variable-thermal-conductivity\">2. \u53ef\u5909\u71b1\u4f1d\u5c0e\u7387<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#crystal-structure\">\u7d50\u6676\u69cb\u9020<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#temperature-effects\">\u6e29\u5ea6\u306e\u5f71\u97ff<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#impurities\">\u4e0d\u7d14\u7269<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#3-lustrous-appearance\">3. \u5149\u6ca2\u306e\u3042\u308b\u5916\u89b3<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#electron-configuration\">\u96fb\u5b50\u914d\u7f6e<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#applications-in-electronics\">\u30a8\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u30ed\u30cb\u30af\u30b9\u5206\u91ce\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5fdc\u7528<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#aesthetic-uses\">\u7f8e\u7684\u7528\u9014<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#4-intermediate-density\">4. \u4e2d\u5bc6\u5ea6<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#comparison-with-other-elements\">\u4ed6\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u3068\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#impact-on-applications\">\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#5-low-elasticity\">5. \u5f3e\u529b\u6027\u304c\u4f4e\u3044<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#atomic-bonding\">\u539f\u5b50\u7d50\u5408<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#practical-implications\">\u5b9f\u8df5\u7684\u306a\u610f\u5473\u5408\u3044<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#6-semiconducting-properties\">6. \u534a\u5c0e\u4f53\u7279\u6027<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#doping-techniques\">\u30c9\u30fc\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u6280\u8853<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#band-gap\">\u30d0\u30f3\u30c9\u30ae\u30e3\u30c3\u30d7<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#7-amphoteric-behavior\">7. \u4e21\u6027\u884c\u52d5<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#reactions-with-acids-and-bases\">\u9178\u3068\u5869\u57fa\u3068\u306e\u53cd\u5fdc<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#oxides\">\u9178\u5316\u7269<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#8-multiple-oxidation-states\">8. \u8907\u6570\u306e\u9178\u5316\u72b6\u614b<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#examples-of-oxidation-states\">\u9178\u5316\u72b6\u614b\u306e\u4f8b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#impact-on-reactivity\">\u53cd\u5fdc\u6027\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#9-formation-of-alloys\">9. \u5408\u91d1\u306e\u5f62\u6210<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#examples-of-alloys\">\u5408\u91d1\u306e\u4f8b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#properties-of-alloys\">\u5408\u91d1\u306e\u7279\u6027<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#10-chemical-reactivity\">10. \u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5fdc\u6027<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#reactions-with-halogens\">\u30cf\u30ed\u30b2\u30f3\u3068\u306e\u53cd\u5fdc<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#redox-behavior\">\u9178\u5316\u9084\u5143\u6319\u52d5<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#11-role-in-semiconductor-technology\">11. \u534a\u5c0e\u4f53\u6280\u8853\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5f79\u5272<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#silicon-and-germanium\">\u30b7\u30ea\u30b3\u30f3\u3068\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#fabrication-processes\">\u88fd\u9020\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#12-influence-of-impurities\">12. \u4e0d\u7d14\u7269\u306e\u5f71\u97ff<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#doping-effects\">\u30c9\u30fc\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u5f71\u97ff<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#material-purity\">\u6750\u6599\u306e\u7d14\u5ea6<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#13-temperature-dependent-properties\">13. \u6e29\u5ea6\u4f9d\u5b58\u7279\u6027<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#electrical-conductivity\">\u96fb\u6c17\u4f1d\u5c0e\u7387<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#thermal-conductivity\">\u71b1\u4f1d\u5c0e\u7387<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#14-reactivity-with-halogens\">14. \u30cf\u30ed\u30b2\u30f3\u3068\u306e\u53cd\u5fdc\u6027<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#formation-of-halides\">\u30cf\u30ed\u30b2\u30f3\u5316\u7269\u306e\u5f62\u6210<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#applications-of-halides\">\u30cf\u30ed\u30b2\u30f3\u5316\u7269\u306e\u7528\u9014<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#15-environmental-and-biological-impact\">15. \u74b0\u5883\u3068\u751f\u7269\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toxicity\">\u6bd2\u6027<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#beneficial-uses\">\u6709\u76ca\u306a\u7528\u9014<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#conclusion\">\u7d50\u8ad6<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 id=\"introduction\">\u306f\u3058\u3081\u306b<\/h2>\n<p>\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306f\u91d1\u5c5e\u3068\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u306e\u4e2d\u9593\u306e\u7279\u6027\u3092\u6301\u3064\u5143\u7d20\u3067\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u7528\u9014\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5468\u671f\u8868\u306e\u968e\u6bb5\u7dda\u306b\u6cbf\u3063\u3066\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3001\u30db\u30a6\u7d20\u3001\u30b7\u30ea\u30b3\u30f3\u3001\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0\u3001\u30d2\u7d20\u3001\u30a2\u30f3\u30c1\u30e2\u30f3\u3001\u30c6\u30eb\u30eb\u3001\u30dd\u30ed\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306f\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u3088\u308a\u3082\u96fb\u6c17\u4f1d\u5c0e\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u307b\u3069\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u306a\u534a\u5c0e\u4f53\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u591a\u69d8\u306a\u7269\u7406\u7684\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u7279\u6027\u306f\u3001\u96fb\u5b50\u6a5f\u5668\u3001\u5408\u91d1\u88fd\u9020\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6975\u3081\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5165\u9580\u66f8\u3067\u306f\u3001\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306e 15 \u306e\u7279\u6027\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u3068\u30c6\u30af\u30ce\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\u306e\u6587\u8108\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u305d\u306e\u6c4e\u7528\u6027\u3068\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"1-intermediate-electrical-conductivity\">1. \u4e2d\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e\u96fb\u6c17\u4f1d\u5c0e\u6027<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"valence-band-structure\">\u4fa1\u96fb\u5b50\u5e2f\u69cb\u9020<\/h3>\n<p>\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306f\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u3068\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u306e\u4e2d\u9593\u306e\u96fb\u6c17\u4f1d\u5c0e\u6027\u3092\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7279\u6027\u306f\u3001\u534a\u5145\u586b\u4fa1\u96fb\u5b50\u5e2f\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3001\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306f\u96fb\u6c17\u3092\u4f1d\u5c0e\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u307b\u3069\u81ea\u7531\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306f\u4fa1\u96fb\u5b50\u5e2f\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u6e80\u305f\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u307b\u3069\u52b9\u7387\u306f\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3082\u306e\u306e\u3001\u96fb\u6c17\u3092\u4f1d\u5c0e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7279\u6027\u306f\u534a\u5c0e\u4f53\u6280\u8853\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6975\u3081\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6e29\u5ea6\u5909\u5316\u3084\u30c9\u30fc\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u306a\u3069\u306e\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u624b\u6bb5\u3067\u96fb\u6c17\u4f1d\u5c0e\u6027\u3092\u8abf\u6574\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56f3: \u5c0e\u96fb\u7387\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03<\/strong><\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 137px;\" width=\"671\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\">\u8981\u7d20\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\">\u4f1d\u5c0e\u7387<\/th>\n<th>\u4f8b<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u91d1\u5c5e<\/td>\n<td>\u9ad8\u3044<\/td>\n<td>\u9285<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e<\/td>\n<td>\u4e2d\u7d1a<\/td>\n<td>\u30b1\u30a4\u7d20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e<\/td>\n<td>\u4f4e\u3044<\/td>\n<td>\u786b\u9ec4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3 id=\"temperature-dependence\">\u6e29\u5ea6\u4f9d\u5b58\u6027<\/h3>\n<p>\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306e\u96fb\u6c17\u4f1d\u5c0e\u7387\u306f\u6e29\u5ea6\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u5897\u52a0\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u8ca0\u306e\u6e29\u5ea6\u62b5\u6297\u4fc2\u6570\u3068\u3057\u3066\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u308b\u7279\u6027\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u6e29\u5ea6\u306e\u4e0a\u6607\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u4f1d\u5c0e\u7387\u304c\u901a\u5e38\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3059\u308b\u91d1\u5c5e\u3068\u306f\u5bfe\u7167\u7684\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u6e29\u5ea6\u4f9d\u5b58\u6027\u306f\u3001\u6e29\u5ea6\u30bb\u30f3\u30b5\u30fc\u3084\u30b5\u30fc\u30df\u30b9\u30bf\u306a\u3069\u306e\u7528\u9014\u3067\u7279\u306b\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6e29\u5ea6\u306b\u3088\u308b\u96fb\u6c17\u62b5\u6297\u306e\u5909\u5316\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3066\u6e29\u5ea6\u3092\u6e2c\u5b9a\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5236\u5fa1\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306f\u6e29\u5ea6\u5909\u5316\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u72ec\u7279\u306e\u53cd\u5fdc\u3092\u793a\u3059\u305f\u3081\u3001\u96fb\u5b50\u6a5f\u5668\u306e\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u71b1\u7ba1\u7406\u7528\u9014\u306b\u3082\u9069\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"doping-and-impurities\">\u30c9\u30fc\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u3068\u4e0d\u7d14\u7269<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e0d\u7d14\u7269\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u306f\u3001\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306e\u96fb\u6c17\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3092\u5287\u7684\u306b\u5909\u5316\u3055\u305b\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e0d\u7d14\u7269\u3092\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306b\u5c0e\u5165\u3059\u308b\u30c9\u30fc\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u306f\u3001\u96fb\u6c17\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3092\u8abf\u6574\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306b\u30db\u30a6\u7d20\u3084\u30ea\u30f3\u306a\u3069\u306e\u5143\u7d20\u3092\u30c9\u30fc\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c p \u578b\u307e\u305f\u306f n \u578b\u306e\u534a\u5c0e\u4f53\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30c9\u30fc\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u3055\u308c\u305f\u534a\u5c0e\u4f53\u306f\u3001\u30c0\u30a4\u30aa\u30fc\u30c9\u3001\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30b8\u30b9\u30bf\u3001\u96c6\u7a4d\u56de\u8def\u306e\u88fd\u9020\u306b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30c9\u30fc\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0 \u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u5236\u5fa1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u96fb\u6c17\u7279\u6027\u3092\u5fae\u8abf\u6574\u3057\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u96fb\u5b50\u30c7\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9\u306e\u958b\u767a\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8: \u30c9\u30fc\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u5f71\u97ff<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u30db\u30a6\u7d20\u30c9\u30fc\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0<\/strong>: p\u578b\u534a\u5c0e\u4f53\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u30ea\u30f3\u30c9\u30fc\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0<\/strong>: n\u578b\u534a\u5c0e\u4f53\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"2-variable-thermal-conductivity\">2. \u53ef\u5909\u71b1\u4f1d\u5c0e\u7387<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"crystal-structure\">\u7d50\u6676\u69cb\u9020<\/h3>\n<p>\u7d50\u6676\u683c\u5b50\u5185\u306e\u539f\u5b50\u306e\u914d\u7f6e\u306f\u3001\u71b1\u306e\u79fb\u52d5\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3057\u305f\u308a\u59a8\u3052\u305f\u308a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306e\u7d50\u6676\u69cb\u9020\u306f\u5927\u304d\u304f\u7570\u306a\u308a\u3001\u71b1\u4f1d\u5c0e\u7387\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001\u30b7\u30ea\u30b3\u30f3\u306f\u30c0\u30a4\u30e4\u30e2\u30f3\u30c9\u7acb\u65b9\u7d50\u6676\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6301\u3061\u3001\u9ad8\u3044\u71b1\u4f1d\u5c0e\u6027\u3092\u5099\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u96fb\u5b50\u6a5f\u5668\u306e\u653e\u71b1\u306b\u6700\u9069\u306a\u6750\u6599\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5bfe\u7167\u7684\u306b\u3001\u30db\u30a6\u7d20\u306a\u3069\u306e\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306f\u3088\u308a\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6301\u3061\u3001\u71b1\u4f1d\u5c0e\u6027\u304c\u4f4e\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56f3: \u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306e\u71b1\u4f1d\u5c0e\u7387<\/strong><\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 146px;\" width=\"664\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\">\u30e1\u30bf\u30ed\u30a4\u30c9<\/th>\n<th>\u71b1\u4f1d\u5c0e\u7387\uff08W\/mK\uff09<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u30b1\u30a4\u7d20<\/td>\n<td>148<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0<\/td>\n<td>60<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u30dc\u30ed\u30f3<\/td>\n<td>27<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3 id=\"temperature-effects\">\u6e29\u5ea6\u306e\u5f71\u97ff<\/h3>\n<p>\u6e29\u5ea6\u304c\u4e0a\u6607\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30d5\u30a9\u30ce\u30f3\u6563\u4e71\u304c\u5897\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306e\u71b1\u4f1d\u5c0e\u7387\u306f\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9ad8\u6e29\u3067\u30d5\u30a9\u30ce\u30f3\u6563\u4e71\u304c\u5897\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u6750\u6599\u3092\u901a\u308b\u71b1\u306e\u79e9\u5e8f\u3042\u308b\u6d41\u308c\u304c\u4e71\u308c\u3001\u71b1\u4f1d\u5c0e\u7387\u304c\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u52d5\u4f5c\u306f\u71b1\u96fb\u6750\u6599\u306e\u8a2d\u8a08\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u71b1\u4f1d\u5c0e\u7387\u3092\u5236\u5fa1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u71b1\u3092\u96fb\u6c17\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3059\u308b\u52b9\u7387\u3092\u9ad8\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"impurities\">\u4e0d\u7d14\u7269<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e0d\u7d14\u7269\u304c\u5c11\u91cf\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u683c\u5b50\u306b\u4e71\u308c\u304c\u751f\u3058\u3001\u30d5\u30a9\u30ce\u30f3\u304c\u6563\u4e71\u3057\u3066\u71b1\u4f1d\u9054\u306e\u52b9\u7387\u304c\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u30d2\u30fc\u30c8\u30b7\u30f3\u30af\u3084\u71b1\u4f1d\u5c0e\u6750\u6599\u306a\u3069\u3001\u9ad8\u3044\u71b1\u4f1d\u5c0e\u6027\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u306a\u7528\u9014\u3067\u306f\u3001\u9ad8\u7d14\u5ea6\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002\u9006\u306b\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u4e0d\u7d14\u7269\u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u71b1\u96fb\u30c7\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9\u306a\u3069\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u7528\u9014\u306b\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306e\u71b1\u7279\u6027\u3092\u8abf\u6574\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"3-lustrous-appearance\">3. \u5149\u6ca2\u306e\u3042\u308b\u5916\u89b3<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"electron-configuration\">\u96fb\u5b50\u914d\u7f6e<\/h3>\n<p>\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306e\u5149\u6ca2\u306e\u3042\u308b\u6027\u8cea\u306f\u3001\u96fb\u5b50\u914d\u7f6e\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3001\u96fb\u5b50\u306e\u79fb\u52d5\u6027\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3001\u5149\u6ca2\u306e\u3042\u308b\u5916\u89b3\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u5149\u6ca2\u306e\u3042\u308b\u5916\u89b3\u306f\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u3068\u5171\u901a\u3059\u308b\u7279\u6027\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5149\u3092\u53cd\u5c04\u3059\u308b\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306e\u80fd\u529b\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u96fb\u5b50\u914d\u7f6e\u306b\u3088\u308a\u5149\u306e\u5438\u53ce\u3068\u518d\u653e\u51fa\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3001\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306b\u7279\u5fb4\u7684\u306a\u8f1d\u304d\u304c\u751f\u307e\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"applications-in-electronics\">\u30a8\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u30ed\u30cb\u30af\u30b9\u5206\u91ce\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5fdc\u7528<\/h3>\n<p>\u30b7\u30ea\u30b3\u30f3\u3084\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0\u306a\u3069\u306e\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306e\u53cd\u5c04\u7279\u6027\u306f\u3001\u96fb\u5b50\u90e8\u54c1\u306e\u88fd\u9020\u306b\u5229\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u30a8\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u30ed\u30cb\u30af\u30b9\u5206\u91ce\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30b7\u30ea\u30b3\u30f3\u306a\u3069\u306e\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306e\u5149\u6ca2\u306e\u3042\u308b\u5916\u89b3\u306f\u3001\u5149\u306e\u5438\u53ce\u3068\u53cd\u5c04\u304c\u30c7\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9\u306e\u6027\u80fd\u306b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3059\u5149\u691c\u51fa\u5668\u3084\u592a\u967d\u96fb\u6c60\u306e\u88fd\u9020\u306b\u5f79\u7acb\u3061\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"aesthetic-uses\">\u7f8e\u7684\u7528\u9014<\/h3>\n<p>\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306e\u5149\u6ca2\u306e\u3042\u308b\u8868\u9762\u306f\u3001\u5b9d\u98fe\u54c1\u304b\u3089\u5efa\u7bc9\u69cb\u9020\u7269\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u307e\u3067\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u88fd\u54c1\u306b\u8996\u899a\u7684\u306a\u9b45\u529b\u3092\u52a0\u3048\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u30b7\u30ea\u30b3\u30f3\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306f\u3001\u93e1\u3084\u88c5\u98fe\u4ed5\u4e0a\u3052\u7528\u306e\u9ad8\u54c1\u8cea\u306e\u53cd\u5c04\u30b3\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u88fd\u9020\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5149\u6ca2\u306e\u3042\u308b\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u306a\u5916\u89b3\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u5411\u3051\u96fb\u5b50\u6a5f\u5668\u3001\u5b9d\u98fe\u54c1\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u306f\u7f8e\u89b3\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u3068\u306a\u308b\u5efa\u7bc9\u6750\u6599\u306b\u3082\u9b45\u529b\u7684\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"4-intermediate-density\">4. \u4e2d\u5bc6\u5ea6<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"comparison-with-other-elements\">\u4ed6\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u3068\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03<\/h3>\n<p>\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306e\u5bc6\u5ea6\u306f\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u3088\u308a\u9ad8\u304f\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u3088\u308a\u306f\u4f4e\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306e\u5bc6\u5ea6\u304c\u4e2d\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5f37\u5ea6\u3068\u91cd\u91cf\u306e\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u53d6\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u7528\u9014\u3067\u6709\u5229\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001\u30b7\u30ea\u30b3\u30f3\u306e\u5bc6\u5ea6\u306f\u9244\u306a\u3069\u306e\u91d1\u5c5e\u3088\u308a\u3082\u4f4e\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u8efd\u91cf\u3067\u3042\u308a\u306a\u304c\u3089\u5805\u7262\u306a\u96fb\u5b50\u6a5f\u5668\u306b\u9069\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8868: \u5bc6\u5ea6\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03<\/strong><\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 125px;\" width=\"525\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u30a8\u30ec\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8<\/th>\n<th>\u5bc6\u5ea6 (g\/cm\u00b3)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u30b1\u30a4\u7d20<\/td>\n<td>2.33<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u30a2\u30eb\u30df\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0<\/td>\n<td>2.70<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u9244<\/td>\n<td>7.87<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3 id=\"impact-on-applications\">\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff<\/h3>\n<p>\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306e\u5bc6\u5ea6\u306f\u4e2d\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u91cd\u91cf\u3068\u5f37\u5ea6\u306e\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u7523\u696d\u7528\u9014\u306b\u9069\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001\u30b7\u30ea\u30b3\u30f3\u306e\u4e2d\u9593\u5bc6\u5ea6\u306f\u3001\u8efd\u91cf\u3067\u9ad8\u5f37\u5ea6\u306e\u6750\u6599\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u30de\u30a4\u30af\u30ed\u30a8\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u30ed\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ab\u30eb\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0 (MEMS) \u306b\u6700\u9069\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u8907\u5408\u6750\u6599\u306b\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u91cd\u91cf\u3092\u6700\u5c0f\u9650\u306b\u6291\u3048\u306a\u304c\u3089\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3092\u9ad8\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"5-low-elasticity\">5. \u5f3e\u529b\u6027\u304c\u4f4e\u3044<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"atomic-bonding\">\u539f\u5b50\u7d50\u5408<\/h3>\n<p>\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306f\u5171\u6709\u7d50\u5408\u306b\u3088\u308a\u5fdc\u529b\u4e0b\u3067\u306e\u539f\u5b50\u306e\u52d5\u304d\u304c\u5236\u9650\u3055\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\u3066\u5f3e\u6027\u304c\u4f4e\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306e\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u5171\u6709\u7d50\u5408\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u5fdc\u529b\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306b\u539f\u5b50\u304c\u4e92\u3044\u306b\u79fb\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u304c\u5236\u9650\u3055\u308c\u3001\u5f3e\u6027\u304c\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7279\u6027\u306f\u3001\u67d4\u8edf\u6027\u3088\u308a\u3082\u525b\u6027\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u7528\u9014\u3067\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"practical-implications\">\u5b9f\u8df5\u7684\u306a\u610f\u5473\u5408\u3044<\/h3>\n<p>\u5f3e\u6027\u304c\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u4f4e\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306f\u30d0\u30cd\u306a\u3069\u306e\u5927\u304d\u306a\u5909\u5f62\u3092\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3059\u308b\u7528\u9014\u306b\u306f\u9069\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b\u3001\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306f\u3001\u5f62\u72b6\u3068\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u6027\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u7528\u9014\u3067\u3088\u304f\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001\u96fb\u5b50\u6a5f\u5668\u306e\u30b7\u30ea\u30b3\u30f3 \u30a6\u30a7\u30fc\u30cf\u306f\u3001\u56de\u8def\u3068\u30b3\u30f3\u30dd\u30fc\u30cd\u30f3\u30c8\u304c\u9069\u5207\u306b\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u5bf8\u6cd5\u5b89\u5b9a\u6027\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"6-semiconducting-properties\">6. \u534a\u5c0e\u4f53\u7279\u6027<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"doping-techniques\">\u30c9\u30fc\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u6280\u8853<\/h3>\n<p>\u30c9\u30fc\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u306f\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306e\u534a\u5c0e\u4f53\u7279\u6027\u3092\u5f37\u5316\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3001\u534a\u5c0e\u4f53\u6280\u8853\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6975\u3081\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u30c9\u30fc\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0 \u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u5236\u5fa1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u96fb\u6c17\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3092\u30ab\u30b9\u30bf\u30de\u30a4\u30ba\u3057\u3001\u30c0\u30a4\u30aa\u30fc\u30c9\u3001\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30b8\u30b9\u30bf\u3001\u592a\u967d\u96fb\u6c60\u306a\u3069\u306e\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u534a\u5c0e\u4f53\u30c7\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u6ce8\u5165\u3084\u62e1\u6563\u306a\u3069\u306e\u6280\u8853\u306f\u3001\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u57fa\u677f\u306b\u30c9\u30fc\u30d1\u30f3\u30c8\u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"band-gap\">\u30d0\u30f3\u30c9\u30ae\u30e3\u30c3\u30d7<\/h3>\n<p>\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306f\u3001\u96fb\u6c17\u4f1d\u5c0e\u6027\u3092\u5236\u5fa1\u3059\u308b\u534a\u5c0e\u4f53\u30c7\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9\u306b\u9069\u3057\u305f\u30d0\u30f3\u30c9\u30ae\u30e3\u30c3\u30d7\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306e\u30d0\u30f3\u30c9\u30ae\u30e3\u30c3\u30d7\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u96fb\u6c17\u4f1d\u5c0e\u80fd\u529b\u304c\u6c7a\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001\u30b7\u30ea\u30b3\u30f3\u306e\u30d0\u30f3\u30c9\u30ae\u30e3\u30c3\u30d7\u306f 1.1 eV \u3067\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u96fb\u5b50\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u6700\u9069\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30d0\u30f3\u30c9\u30ae\u30e3\u30c3\u30d7\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u534a\u5c0e\u4f53\u30c7\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9\u306e\u52d5\u4f5c\u306b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u306a\u96fb\u5b50\u306e\u6d41\u308c\u3092\u52b9\u7387\u7684\u306b\u5236\u5fa1\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56f3: \u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u30d0\u30f3\u30c9\u30ae\u30e3\u30c3\u30d7<\/strong><\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 158px;\" width=\"524\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u30a8\u30ec\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8<\/th>\n<th>\u30d0\u30f3\u30c9\u30ae\u30e3\u30c3\u30d7 (eV)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u30b1\u30a4\u7d20<\/td>\n<td>1.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0<\/td>\n<td>0.7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u30dc\u30ed\u30f3<\/td>\n<td>1.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"7-amphoteric-behavior\">7. \u4e21\u6027\u884c\u52d5<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"reactions-with-acids-and-bases\">\u9178\u3068\u5869\u57fa\u3068\u306e\u53cd\u5fdc<\/h3>\n<p>\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306f\u9178\u6027\u3068\u5869\u57fa\u6027\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u306e\u7279\u6027\u3092\u793a\u3059\u305f\u3081\u3001\u9178\u3068\u5869\u57fa\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u3068\u53cd\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u4e21\u6027\u6319\u52d5\u306f\u3001\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u304c\u5e45\u5e83\u3044\u53cd\u5fdc\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u5316\u5b66\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3067\u6709\u76ca\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001\u9178\u5316\u30a2\u30eb\u30df\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0\u306f\u9178\u3068\u5869\u57fa\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u3068\u53cd\u5fdc\u3067\u304d\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u89e6\u5a92\u3084\u5316\u5b66\u5408\u6210\u306a\u3069\u306e\u7528\u9014\u306b\u5f79\u7acb\u3061\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"oxides\">\u9178\u5316\u7269<\/h3>\n<p>\u9178\u5316\u30a2\u30eb\u30df\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0\u306a\u3069\u306e\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306e\u9178\u5316\u7269\u306f\u3001\u9178\u3068\u5869\u57fa\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u3068\u53cd\u5fdc\u3057\u3066\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u53cd\u5fdc\u306f\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u5de5\u696d\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001\u4e8c\u9178\u5316\u30b1\u30a4\u7d20\u306f\u30ac\u30e9\u30b9\u88fd\u9020\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u6210\u5206\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u534a\u5c0e\u4f53\u696d\u754c\u3067\u306f\u7d76\u7e01\u5c64\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u6750\u6599\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"8-multiple-oxidation-states\">8. \u8907\u6570\u306e\u9178\u5316\u72b6\u614b<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"examples-of-oxidation-states\">\u9178\u5316\u72b6\u614b\u306e\u4f8b<\/h3>\n<p>\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306f\u8907\u6570\u306e\u9178\u5316\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5fdc\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u306b\u8ca2\u732e\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7570\u306a\u308b\u9178\u5316\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u3068\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306f\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u9178\u5316\u9084\u5143\u53cd\u5fdc\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3001\u89e6\u5a92\u3084\u6750\u6599\u5408\u6210\u306a\u3069\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3067\u5f79\u7acb\u3061\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8: \u9178\u5316\u72b6\u614b<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u30dc\u30ed\u30f3<\/strong>: +3, -3<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u30b1\u30a4\u7d20<\/strong>: +4, -4<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7812\u7d20<\/strong>: +3, +5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"impact-on-reactivity\">\u53cd\u5fdc\u6027\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff<\/h3>\n<p>\u8907\u6570\u306e\u9178\u5316\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u3068\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306f\u89e6\u5a92\u3084\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u5316\u5b66\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u591a\u7528\u9014\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001\u30d2\u7d20\u306f\u8907\u6570\u306e\u9178\u5316\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u6301\u3064\u305f\u3081\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u5316\u5b66\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u9178\u5316\u5264\u3068\u9084\u5143\u5264\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f5c\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3001\u51b6\u91d1\u3084\u533b\u85ac\u54c1\u306a\u3069\u306e\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u7523\u696d\u7528\u9014\u3067\u306e\u6709\u7528\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"9-formation-of-alloys\">9. \u5408\u91d1\u306e\u5f62\u6210<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"examples-of-alloys\">\u5408\u91d1\u306e\u4f8b<\/h3>\n<p>\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306f\u91d1\u5c5e\u3068\u5408\u91d1\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3001\u5351\u91d1\u5c5e\u306e\u7279\u6027\u3092\u5f37\u5316\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5408\u91d1\u306f\u3001\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u3001\u71b1\u7684\u3001\u96fb\u6c17\u7684\u7279\u6027\u306b\u512a\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u304f\u3001\u5e45\u5e83\u3044\u7528\u9014\u3067\u5f79\u7acb\u3061\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001\u30b7\u30ea\u30b3\u30f3\u30a2\u30eb\u30df\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0\u5408\u91d1\u306f\u5f37\u5ea6\u3068\u92f3\u9020\u6027\u306b\u512a\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u81ea\u52d5\u8eca\u7523\u696d\u3084\u822a\u7a7a\u5b87\u5b99\u7523\u696d\u3067\u5f79\u7acb\u3061\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"properties-of-alloys\">\u5408\u91d1\u306e\u7279\u6027<\/h3>\n<p>\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306e\u5408\u91d1\u306f\u3001\u96fb\u5b50\u6a5f\u5668\u3084\u69cb\u9020\u6750\u6599\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u6975\u3081\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u7279\u6027\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001\u30b7\u30ea\u30b3\u30f3\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0\u5408\u91d1\u306f\u3001\u7d14\u7c8b\u306a\u30b7\u30ea\u30b3\u30f3\u3084\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\u3066\u96fb\u5b50\u7279\u6027\u304c\u512a\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u534a\u5c0e\u4f53\u30c7\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5408\u91d1\u306f\u3001\u9ad8\u901f\u304a\u3088\u3073\u9ad8\u5468\u6ce2\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u3088\u308a\u512a\u308c\u305f\u30d1\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u767a\u63ee\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56f3: \u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u5408\u91d1\u306e\u7279\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 58px;\" width=\"735\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u5408\u91d1<\/th>\n<th>\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u30e1\u30bf\u30eb<\/th>\n<th>\u5f37\u5316\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30d7\u30ed\u30d1\u30c6\u30a3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u30b7\u30ea\u30b3\u30f3\u30a2\u30eb\u30df\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0<\/td>\n<td>\u30a2\u30eb\u30df\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0<\/td>\n<td>\u5f37\u5ea6\u3068\u92f3\u9020\u6027<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"10-chemical-reactivity\">10. \u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5fdc\u6027<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"reactions-with-halogens\">\u30cf\u30ed\u30b2\u30f3\u3068\u306e\u53cd\u5fdc<\/h3>\n<p>\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306f\u30cf\u30ed\u30b2\u30f3\u3068\u53cd\u5fdc\u3057\u3066\u5b89\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u30cf\u30ed\u30b2\u30f3\u5316\u7269\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u5316\u5b66\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3067\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u53cd\u5fdc\u306f\u3001\u96e3\u71c3\u5264\u3084\u534a\u5c0e\u4f53\u306a\u3069\u306e\u6750\u6599\u306e\u88fd\u9020\u306b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001\u30b7\u30ea\u30b3\u30f3\u306f\u5869\u7d20\u3068\u53cd\u5fdc\u3057\u3066\u56db\u5869\u5316\u30b7\u30ea\u30b3\u30f3\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u96fb\u5b50\u6a5f\u5668\u7528\u306e\u9ad8\u7d14\u5ea6\u30b7\u30ea\u30b3\u30f3\u306e\u88fd\u9020\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u4e2d\u9593\u4f53\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"redox-behavior\">\u9178\u5316\u9084\u5143\u6319\u52d5<\/h3>\n<p>\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306f\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066\u9084\u5143\u5264\u307e\u305f\u306f\u9178\u5316\u5264\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f5c\u7528\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u4e8c\u91cd\u306e\u80fd\u529b\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306f\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5fdc\u3067\u591a\u7528\u9014\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001\u30d2\u7d20\u306f\u9084\u5143\u53cd\u5fdc\u3068\u9178\u5316\u53cd\u5fdc\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u306b\u95a2\u4e0e\u3067\u304d\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6c34\u306e\u6d44\u5316\u3084\u91d1\u5c5e\u306e\u62bd\u51fa\u306a\u3069\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3067\u5f79\u7acb\u3061\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56f3: \u9178\u5316\u9084\u5143\u6319\u52d5<\/strong><\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 110px;\" width=\"740\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u30a8\u30ec\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8<\/th>\n<th>\u9178\u5316\u5264<\/th>\n<th>\u9084\u5143\u5264<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7812\u7d20<\/td>\n<td>\u306f\u3044<\/td>\n<td>\u306f\u3044<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u30a2\u30f3\u30c1\u30e2\u30f3<\/td>\n<td>\u306f\u3044<\/td>\n<td>\u306f\u3044<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"11-role-in-semiconductor-technology\">11. \u534a\u5c0e\u4f53\u6280\u8853\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5f79\u5272<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"silicon-and-germanium\">\u30b7\u30ea\u30b3\u30f3\u3068\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0<\/h3>\n<p>\u30b7\u30ea\u30b3\u30f3\u3068\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0\u306f\u3001\u96fb\u5b50\u6a5f\u5668\u306e\u88fd\u9020\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u534a\u5c0e\u4f53\u6280\u8853\u306e\u57fa\u790e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306f\u534a\u5c0e\u4f53\u7523\u696d\u306e\u57fa\u76e4\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30b8\u30b9\u30bf\u3001\u96c6\u7a4d\u56de\u8def\u3001\u592a\u967d\u96fb\u6c60\u306e\u958b\u767a\u3092\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u30e6\u30cb\u30fc\u30af\u306a\u96fb\u6c17\u7279\u6027\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u96fb\u5b50\u6a5f\u5668\u306b\u306f\u6b20\u304b\u305b\u306a\u3044\u3082\u306e\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"fabrication-processes\">\u88fd\u9020\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9<\/h3>\n<p>\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306e\u30e6\u30cb\u30fc\u30af\u306a\u7279\u6027\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u534a\u5c0e\u4f53\u88fd\u9020\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u88fd\u9020\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306b\u9069\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5316\u5b66\u6c17\u76f8\u6210\u9577\u6cd5 (CVD) \u3084\u5206\u5b50\u7dda\u30a8\u30d4\u30bf\u30ad\u30b7\u30fc\u6cd5 (MBE) \u306a\u3069\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u7d44\u6210\u3068\u539a\u3055\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u5236\u5fa1\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306e\u8584\u819c\u3092\u6210\u9577\u3055\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u6280\u8853\u306f\u3001\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6301\u3064\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u534a\u5c0e\u4f53\u30c7\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"12-influence-of-impurities\">12. \u4e0d\u7d14\u7269\u306e\u5f71\u97ff<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"doping-effects\">\u30c9\u30fc\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u5f71\u97ff<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e0d\u7d14\u7269\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u306f\u3001\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306e\u7279\u6027\u3001\u7279\u306b\u96fb\u6c17\u4f1d\u5c0e\u6027\u3084\u71b1\u4f1d\u5c0e\u6027\u3092\u5927\u304d\u304f\u5909\u5316\u3055\u305b\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5236\u5fa1\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30c9\u30fc\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u306f\u3001\u534a\u5c0e\u4f53\u30c7\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9\u306e\u6027\u80fd\u3092\u5411\u4e0a\u3055\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001\u30b7\u30ea\u30b3\u30f3\u306b\u30db\u30a6\u7d20\u3092\u8ffd\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3068 p \u578b\u534a\u5c0e\u4f53\u304c\u4f5c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3001\u30ea\u30f3\u3092\u8ffd\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3068 n \u578b\u534a\u5c0e\u4f53\u304c\u4f5c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30c9\u30fc\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6750\u6599\u306f\u3001\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30b8\u30b9\u30bf\u3084\u30c0\u30a4\u30aa\u30fc\u30c9\u306a\u3069\u306e\u96fb\u5b50\u30c7\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9\u306e\u52d5\u4f5c\u306b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"material-purity\">\u6750\u6599\u306e\u7d14\u5ea6<\/h3>\n<p>\u9ad8\u3044\u71b1\u4f1d\u5c0e\u6027\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u306a\u7528\u9014\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6750\u6599\u306e\u7d14\u5ea6\u3092\u5236\u5fa1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9ad8\u7d14\u5ea6\u30b7\u30ea\u30b3\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u52b9\u7387\u7684\u306a\u592a\u967d\u96fb\u6c60\u3084\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u96fb\u5b50\u30c7\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9\u306e\u88fd\u9020\u306b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4e0d\u7d14\u7269\u306f\u6b20\u9665\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u3092\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3055\u305b\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u534a\u5c0e\u4f53\u696d\u754c\u3067\u306f\u53b3\u683c\u306a\u7d14\u5ea6\u57fa\u6e96\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"13-temperature-dependent-properties\">13. \u6e29\u5ea6\u4f9d\u5b58\u7279\u6027<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"electrical-conductivity\">\u96fb\u6c17\u4f1d\u5c0e\u7387<\/h3>\n<p>\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306e\u96fb\u6c17\u7684\u7279\u6027\u306f\u6e29\u5ea6\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5909\u5316\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30bb\u30f3\u30b5\u30fc\u3084\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u6e29\u5ea6\u306b\u654f\u611f\u306a\u7528\u9014\u306b\u9069\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u30b5\u30fc\u30df\u30b9\u30bf\u3084\u6e29\u5ea6\u30bb\u30f3\u30b5\u30fc\u306a\u3069\u306e\u6e29\u5ea6\u306b\u654f\u611f\u306a\u30c7\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u6e29\u5ea6\u306b\u3088\u308b\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306e\u96fb\u6c17\u62b5\u6297\u306e\u4e88\u6e2c\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u5909\u5316\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7279\u6027\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u7523\u696d\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u5411\u3051\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u6e29\u5ea6\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3068\u5236\u5fa1\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"thermal-conductivity\">\u71b1\u4f1d\u5c0e\u7387<\/h3>\n<p>\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306e\u71b1\u4f1d\u5c0e\u7387\u3082\u6e29\u5ea6\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5909\u5316\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u71b1\u96fb\u6750\u6599\u3078\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u71b1\u3092\u96fb\u6c17\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3059\u308b\u71b1\u96fb\u6750\u6599\u306f\u3001\u71b1\u4f1d\u5c0e\u7387\u306e\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u5236\u5fa1\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u71b1\u4f1d\u5c0e\u7387\u304c\u53ef\u5909\u306e\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306f\u3001\u71b1\u96fb\u30c7\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30d1\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u6700\u9069\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8a2d\u8a08\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3001\u52b9\u7387\u3068\u6709\u52b9\u6027\u304c\u5411\u4e0a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"14-reactivity-with-halogens\">14. \u30cf\u30ed\u30b2\u30f3\u3068\u306e\u53cd\u5fdc\u6027<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"formation-of-halides\">\u30cf\u30ed\u30b2\u30f3\u5316\u7269\u306e\u5f62\u6210<\/h3>\n<p>\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306f\u30cf\u30ed\u30b2\u30f3\u3068\u53cd\u5fdc\u3057\u3066\u30cf\u30ed\u30b2\u30f3\u5316\u7269\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u5de5\u696d\u7528\u9014\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56db\u5869\u5316\u30b1\u30a4\u7d20\u3084\u4e09\u30d5\u30c3\u5316\u30db\u30a6\u7d20\u306a\u3069\u306e\u30cf\u30ed\u30b2\u30f3\u5316\u7269\u306f\u3001\u534a\u5c0e\u4f53\u3084\u5316\u5b66\u7523\u696d\u5411\u3051\u306e\u9ad8\u7d14\u5ea6\u6750\u6599\u306e\u88fd\u9020\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u4e2d\u9593\u4f53\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5316\u5408\u7269\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5b89\u5b9a\u6027\u3068\u53cd\u5fdc\u6027\u304c\u6709\u5229\u306a\u96e3\u71c3\u5264\u306a\u3069\u306e\u7528\u9014\u306b\u3082\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"applications-of-halides\">\u30cf\u30ed\u30b2\u30f3\u5316\u7269\u306e\u7528\u9014<\/h3>\n<p>\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u304b\u3089\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30cf\u30ed\u30b2\u30f3\u5316\u7269\u306f\u3001\u96e3\u71c3\u5264\u3084\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u5316\u5b66\u88fd\u54c1\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001\u30db\u30a6\u7d20\u30cf\u30ed\u30b2\u30f3\u5316\u7269\u306f\u3001\u30dd\u30ea\u30de\u30fc\u306e\u53ef\u71c3\u6027\u3092\u4f4e\u6e1b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u30dd\u30ea\u30de\u30fc\u306b\u6dfb\u52a0\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30db\u30a6\u7d20\u542b\u6709\u96e3\u71c3\u5264\u306e\u88fd\u9020\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u6750\u6599\u306f\u3001\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u88fd\u54c1\u3084\u5efa\u7bc9\u6750\u6599\u306e\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3092\u9ad8\u3081\u308b\u4e0a\u3067\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"15-environmental-and-biological-impact\">15. \u74b0\u5883\u3068\u751f\u7269\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"toxicity\">\u6bd2\u6027<\/h3>\n<p>\u30d2\u7d20\u306a\u3069\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306f\u3001\u9ad8\u6fc3\u5ea6\u3067\u306f\u6709\u6bd2\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u614e\u91cd\u306a\u7ba1\u7406\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001\u30d2\u7d20\u306f\u6bd2\u6027\u304c\u5f37\u304f\u3001\u6442\u53d6\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5438\u5165\u3059\u308b\u3068\u6df1\u523b\u306a\u5065\u5eb7\u554f\u984c\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u74b0\u5883\u6c5a\u67d3\u3092\u9632\u304e\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u5065\u5eb7\u3092\u5b88\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6709\u6bd2\u306a\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u3092\u7ba1\u7406\u304a\u3088\u3073\u76e3\u8996\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"beneficial-uses\">\u6709\u76ca\u306a\u7528\u9014<\/h3>\n<p>\u30db\u30a6\u7d20\u306a\u3069\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306f\u3001\u5c11\u91cf\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u5fc5\u9808\u6804\u990a\u7d20\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u591a\u91cf\u306b\u6442\u53d6\u3059\u308b\u3068\u6709\u5bb3\u3068\u306a\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u30db\u30a6\u7d20\u306f\u690d\u7269\u306e\u6210\u9577\u306b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4f5c\u7269\u306e\u53ce\u7a6b\u91cf\u3092\u5897\u3084\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306b\u80a5\u6599\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u30db\u30a6\u7d20\u304c\u591a\u3059\u304e\u308b\u3068\u690d\u7269\u3084\u52d5\u7269\u306b\u6709\u6bd2\u3068\u306a\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u3092\u6700\u5c0f\u9650\u306b\u6291\u3048\u306a\u304c\u3089\u30e1\u30ea\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u6700\u5927\u5316\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u30db\u30a6\u7d20\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u3092\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u3088\u304f\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"conclusion\">\u7d50\u8ad6<\/h2>\n<p>\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306f\u91d1\u5c5e\u3068\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u306e\u7279\u6027\u3092\u72ec\u81ea\u306b\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u7279\u6027\u3092\u6301\u3061\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u7528\u9014\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5916\u89b3\u306f\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u8106\u304f\u3001\u96fb\u6c17\u3092\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u901a\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u30b7\u30ea\u30b3\u30f3\u3084\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0\u306a\u3069\u306e\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306f\u534a\u5c0e\u4f53\u7523\u696d\u306b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u6280\u8853\u306e\u57fa\u790e\u3068\u306a\u308b\u96fb\u5b50\u90e8\u54c1\u306e\u88fd\u9020\u3092\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5408\u91d1\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u3068\u534a\u5c0e\u4f53\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u6027\u8cea\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u96fb\u5b50\u6a5f\u5668\u3001\u592a\u967d\u5149\u767a\u96fb\u3001\u5408\u91d1\u958b\u767a\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u9769\u65b0\u304c\u5b9f\u73fe\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5168\u4f53\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u534a\u91d1\u5c5e\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u72ec\u7279\u306e\u7279\u6027\u3068\u6319\u52d5\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u6280\u8853\u3068\u6750\u6599\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u9032\u6b69\u306b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Table of Contents Introduction 1. Intermediate Electrical Conductivity Valence Band Structure Temperature Dependence Doping and Impurities 2. Variable Thermal Conductivity Crystal Structure Temperature Effects Impurities 3. Lustrous Appearance Electron Configuration Applications in Electronics Aesthetic Uses 4. Intermediate Density Comparison with Other Elements Impact on Applications 5. Low Elasticity Atomic Bonding Practical Implications 6. Semiconducting Properties Doping Techniques Band Gap 7. Amphoteric Behavior Reactions with Acids and Bases Oxides 8. Multiple Oxidation States Examples of Oxidation States Impact on Reactivity 9. Formation of Alloys Examples of Alloys Properties of Alloys 10. Chemical Reactivity Reactions with Halogens Redox Behavior 11. Role in Semiconductor Technology Silicon and Germanium Fabrication Processes 12. Influence of [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2682,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_gspb_post_css":"","content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2665","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mechanical-design-tips"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/machining-quote.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2665","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/machining-quote.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/machining-quote.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/machining-quote.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/machining-quote.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2665"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/machining-quote.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2665\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2679,"href":"https:\/\/machining-quote.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2665\/revisions\/2679"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/machining-quote.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2682"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/machining-quote.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2665"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/machining-quote.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2665"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/machining-quote.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2665"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}