{"id":2665,"date":"2024-05-27T17:14:24","date_gmt":"2024-05-27T17:14:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/machining-quote.com\/?p=2665"},"modified":"2024-05-29T16:23:27","modified_gmt":"2024-05-29T16:23:27","slug":"15-properties-of-metalloids","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/machining-quote.com\/ko\/bolg\/15-properties-of-metalloids\/","title":{"rendered":"\uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc758 15\uac00\uc9c0 \ud2b9\uc131: \ub2f9\uc2e0\uc774 \uc54c\uace0 \uc2f6\uc740 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac83"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4 id=\"table-of-contents\">\ubaa9\ucc28<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#introduction\">\uc18c\uac1c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#1-intermediate-electrical-conductivity\">1. \uc911\uac04 \uc804\uae30 \uc804\ub3c4\ub3c4<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#valence-band-structure\">\uc6d0\uc790\uac00 \ubc34\ub4dc \uad6c\uc870<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#temperature-dependence\">\uc628\ub3c4 \uc758\uc874\uc131<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#doping-and-impurities\">\ub3c4\ud551\uacfc \ubd88\uc21c\ubb3c<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#2-variable-thermal-conductivity\">2. \uac00\ubcc0 \uc5f4\uc804\ub3c4\uc728<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#crystal-structure\">\uacb0\uc815 \uad6c\uc870<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#temperature-effects\">\uc628\ub3c4 \uc601\ud5a5<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#impurities\">\ubd88\uc21c\ubb3c<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#3-lustrous-appearance\">3. \uc724\uae30\ub098\ub294 \uc678\uad00<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#electron-configuration\">\uc804\uc790 \uad6c\uc131<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#applications-in-electronics\">\uc804\uc790\uacf5\ud559\uc758 \uc751\uc6a9<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#aesthetic-uses\">\ubbf8\uc801 \uc6a9\ub3c4<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#4-intermediate-density\">4. \uc911\uac04 \ubc00\ub3c4<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#comparison-with-other-elements\">\ub2e4\ub978 \uc694\uc18c\uc640\uc758 \ube44\uad50<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#impact-on-applications\">\uc560\ud50c\ub9ac\ucf00\uc774\uc158\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uc601\ud5a5<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#5-low-elasticity\">5. \ub0ae\uc740 \ud0c4\ub825\uc131<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#atomic-bonding\">\uc6d0\uc790 \uacb0\ud569<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#practical-implications\">\uc2e4\ubb34\uc801 \uc2dc\uc0ac\uc810<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#6-semiconducting-properties\">6. \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ud2b9\uc131<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#doping-techniques\">\ub3c4\ud551 \uae30\uc220<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#band-gap\">\ubc34\ub4dc \uac2d<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#7-amphoteric-behavior\">7. \uc591\ucabd\uc131 \ud589\ub3d9<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#reactions-with-acids-and-bases\">\uc0b0 \ubc0f \uc5fc\uae30\uc640\uc758 \ubc18\uc751<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#oxides\">\uc0b0\ud654\ubb3c<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#8-multiple-oxidation-states\">8. \ub2e4\uc911 \uc0b0\ud654 \uc0c1\ud0dc<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#examples-of-oxidation-states\">\uc0b0\ud654 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc758 \uc608<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#impact-on-reactivity\">\ubc18\uc751\uc131\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uc601\ud5a5<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#9-formation-of-alloys\">9. \ud569\uae08\uc758 \ud615\uc131<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#examples-of-alloys\">\ud569\uae08\uc758 \uc608<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#properties-of-alloys\">\ud569\uae08\uc758 \uc131\uc9c8<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#10-chemical-reactivity\">10. \ud654\ud559\uc801 \ubc18\uc751\uc131<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#reactions-with-halogens\">\ud560\ub85c\uac90\uacfc\uc758 \ubc18\uc751<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#redox-behavior\">\uc0b0\ud654\ud658\uc6d0 \uac70\ub3d9<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#11-role-in-semiconductor-technology\">11. \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \uae30\uc220\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc5ed\ud560<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#silicon-and-germanium\">\uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58\uacfc \uac8c\ub974\ub9c8\ub284<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#fabrication-processes\">\uc81c\uc870 \uacf5\uc815<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#12-influence-of-impurities\">12. \ubd88\uc21c\ubb3c\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#doping-effects\">\ub3c4\ud551 \ud6a8\uacfc<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#material-purity\">\uc7ac\ub8cc \uc21c\ub3c4<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#13-temperature-dependent-properties\">13. \uc628\ub3c4 \uc758\uc874\uc801 \ud2b9\uc131<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#electrical-conductivity\">\uc804\uae30 \uc804\ub3c4\uc131<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#thermal-conductivity\">\uc5f4 \uc804\ub3c4\uc131<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#14-reactivity-with-halogens\">14. \ud560\ub85c\uac90\uacfc\uc758 \ubc18\uc751\uc131<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#formation-of-halides\">\ud560\ub85c\uac90\ud654\ubb3c\uc758 \ud615\uc131<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#applications-of-halides\">\ud560\ub85c\uac90\ud654\ubb3c\uc758 \uc751\uc6a9<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#15-environmental-and-biological-impact\">15. \ud658\uacbd \ubc0f \uc0dd\ubb3c\ud559\uc801 \uc601\ud5a5<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toxicity\">\ub3c5\uc131<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#beneficial-uses\">\uc720\uc775\ud55c \uc6a9\ub3c4<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#conclusion\">\uacb0\ub860<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 id=\"introduction\">\uc18c\uac1c<\/h2>\n<p>\uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc740 \uae08\uc18d\uacfc \ube44\uae08\uc18d \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \uc9c0\ub2cc \uc6d0\uc18c\ub85c, \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc6a9\ub3c4\ub85c \ud65c\uc6a9\uc774 \uac00\ub2a5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc8fc\uae30\uc728\ud45c\uc758 \uacc4\ub2e8\uc120\uc744 \ub530\ub77c \ubc1c\uacac\ub418\ub294 \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \ubd95\uc18c, \uaddc\uc18c, \uac8c\ub974\ub9c8\ub284, \ube44\uc18c, \uc548\ud2f0\ubaac, \ud154\ub8e8\ub974, \ub54c\ub85c\ub294 \ud3f4\ub85c\ub284\uc774 \ud3ec\ud568\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc740 \ube44\uae08\uc18d\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc804\uae30\ub97c \ub354 \uc798 \uc804\ub3c4\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uae08\uc18d\ub9cc\ud07c\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\ubbc0\ub85c \uc774\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4\uc758 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubb3c\ub9ac\uc801, \ud654\ud559\uc801 \ud2b9\uc131\uc740 \uc804\uc790, \ud569\uae08 \uc0dd\uc0b0 \ubc0f \uc0dd\ubb3c\ud559\uc801 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc911\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc18c\uac1c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc758 15\uac00\uc9c0 \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \ud0d0\uad6c\ud558\uc5ec \uc790\uc5f0\uc801, \uae30\uc220\uc801 \ub9e5\ub77d\uc5d0\uc11c \uae08\uc18d\uc758 \ub2e4\uc591\uc131\uacfc \uc911\uc694\uc131\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"1-intermediate-electrical-conductivity\">1. \uc911\uac04 \uc804\uae30 \uc804\ub3c4\ub3c4<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"valence-band-structure\">\uc6d0\uc790\uac00 \ubc34\ub4dc \uad6c\uc870<\/h3>\n<p>\uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc740 \uae08\uc18d\uacfc \ube44\uae08\uc18d\uc758 \uc911\uac04 \uc815\ub3c4\uc758 \uc804\uae30 \uc804\ub3c4\uc131\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0c5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ud2b9\uc131\uc740 \ubc18\ucbe4 \ucc44\uc6cc\uc9c4 \uac00\uc804\uc790\ub300\uc5d0 \uae30\uc778\ud558\uba70, \uc774\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc804\uae30\ub97c \uc804\ub3c4\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc \uae08\uc18d\ub9cc\ud07c \uc790\uc720\ub86d\uac8c \uc804\ub3c4\ub418\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc740 \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ucc44\uc6cc\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uac00\uc804\uc790\ub300 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \uac16\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uae08\uc18d\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub35c \ud6a8\uc728\uc801\uc774\uae30\ub294 \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc804\uae30\ub97c \uc804\ub3c4\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ud2b9\uc131\uc740 \uc628\ub3c4 \ubcc0\ud654 \ubc0f \ub3c4\ud551\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc218\ub2e8\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc804\uae30 \uc804\ub3c4\ub3c4\ub97c \uc870\uc808\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \uae30\uc220\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc5ed\ud560\uc5d0 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc911\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\ub3c4\ud45c: \uc804\ub3c4\ub3c4 \ube44\uad50<\/strong><\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 137px;\" width=\"671\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\">\uc694\uc18c \uc720\ud615<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\">\uc804\ub3c4\uc131<\/th>\n<th>\uc608<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\uada4\uc870<\/td>\n<td>\ub192\uc74c<\/td>\n<td>\uad6c\ub9ac<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\uc900\uae08\uc18d<\/td>\n<td>\uc911\uae09<\/td>\n<td>\uaddc\uc18c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\ube44\uae08\uc18d<\/td>\n<td>\ub0ae\uc74c<\/td>\n<td>\ud669<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3 id=\"temperature-dependence\">\uc628\ub3c4 \uc758\uc874\uc131<\/h3>\n<p>\uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc758 \uc804\uae30 \uc804\ub3c4\ub3c4\ub294 \uc628\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc99d\uac00\ud558\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub294 \uc74c\uc758 \uc800\ud56d \uc628\ub3c4 \uacc4\uc218\ub85c \uc54c\ub824\uc9c4 \ud2b9\uc131\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc628\ub3c4\uac00 \uc99d\uac00\ud568\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc804\ub3c4\uc131\uc774 \uac10\uc18c\ud558\ub294 \uae08\uc18d\uacfc \ub300\uc870\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc628\ub3c4 \uc758\uc874\uc131\uc740 \uc628\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uc804\uae30 \uc800\ud56d\uc758 \ubcc0\ud654\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc628\ub3c4\ub97c \uce21\uc815\ud558\uace0 \uc81c\uc5b4\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc628\ub3c4 \uc13c\uc11c \ubc0f \uc11c\ubbf8\uc2a4\ud130\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc751\uc6a9 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud2b9\ud788 \uc911\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc628\ub3c4 \ubcc0\ud654\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c Metalloids\uc758 \ub3c5\ud2b9\ud55c \ubc18\uc751\uc740 \uc804\uc790 \uc7a5\uce58\uc758 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc5f4 \uad00\ub9ac \uc751\uc6a9 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc801\ud569\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"doping-and-impurities\">\ub3c4\ud551\uacfc \ubd88\uc21c\ubb3c<\/h3>\n<p>\ubd88\uc21c\ubb3c\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac\ub294 \uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc758 \uc804\uae30\uc801 \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \uadf9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubcc0\ud654\uc2dc\ud0ac \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc758\ub3c4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubd88\uc21c\ubb3c\uc744 \ub3c4\uc785\ud558\ub294 \ub3c4\ud551\uc740 \uc804\uae30\uc801 \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \uc870\uc808\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ubd95\uc18c\ub098 \uc778\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc6d0\uc18c\ub97c \uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ud551\ud558\uba74 \uac01\uac01 p\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\ub098 n\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ub3c4\ud551\ub41c \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\ub294 \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc, \ud2b8\ub79c\uc9c0\uc2a4\ud130 \ubc0f \uc9d1\uc801 \ud68c\ub85c \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc5d0 \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub3c4\ud551 \uc218\uc900\uc744 \uc815\ubc00\ud558\uac8c \uc81c\uc5b4\ud558\uba74 \uc804\uae30\uc801 \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \ubbf8\uc138\ud558\uac8c \uc870\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc815\uad50\ud55c \uc804\uc790 \uc7a5\uce58\ub97c \uac1c\ubc1c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\ubaa9\ub85d: \ub3c4\ud551\uc758 \ud6a8\uacfc<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\ubd95\uc18c \ub3c4\ud551<\/strong>: p\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\uc778 \ub3c4\ud551<\/strong>: n\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"2-variable-thermal-conductivity\">2. \uac00\ubcc0 \uc5f4\uc804\ub3c4\uc728<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"crystal-structure\">\uacb0\uc815 \uad6c\uc870<\/h3>\n<p>\uacb0\uc815 \uaca9\uc790 \ub0b4\uc758 \uc6d0\uc790 \ubc30\uc5f4\uc740 \uc5f4\uc758 \uc774\ub3d9\uc744 \ucd09\uc9c4\ud558\uac70\ub098 \ubc29\ud574\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc740 \uacb0\uc815 \uad6c\uc870\uac00 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud788 \ub2e4\uc591\ud558\uc5ec \uc5f4\uc804\ub3c4\ub3c4\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce69\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58\uc740 \ub2e4\uc774\uc544\ubaac\ub4dc \uc785\ubc29\uccb4 \uacb0\uc815 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \uac16\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4 \ub192\uc740 \uc5f4\uc804\ub3c4\uc728\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \uc804\uc790 \uae30\uae30\uc758 \ubc29\uc5f4 \uc18c\uc7ac\ub85c \ud0c1\uc6d4\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub300\uc870\uc801\uc73c\ub85c, \ubd95\uc18c\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc740 \uad6c\uc870\uac00 \ub354 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud558\uc5ec \uc5f4\uc804\ub3c4\ub3c4\uac00 \ub0ae\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\ucc28\ud2b8: \uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc758 \uc5f4\uc804\ub3c4\uc728<\/strong><\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 146px;\" width=\"664\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\">\uae08\uc18d \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c<\/th>\n<th>\uc5f4\uc804\ub3c4\uc728(W\/mK)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\uaddc\uc18c<\/td>\n<td>148<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\uac8c\ub974\ub9c8\ub284<\/td>\n<td>60<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\ubd95\uc18c<\/td>\n<td>27<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3 id=\"temperature-effects\">\uc628\ub3c4 \uc601\ud5a5<\/h3>\n<p>\uc628\ub3c4\uac00 \uc99d\uac00\ud568\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc758 \uc5f4\uc804\ub3c4\ub3c4\ub294 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud3ec\ub17c \uc0b0\ub780 \uc99d\uac00\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uac10\uc18c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ub354 \ub192\uc740 \uc628\ub3c4\uc5d0\uc11c \ud3ec\ub17c \uc0b0\ub780\uc774 \uc99d\uac00\ud558\uba74 \uc7ac\ub8cc\ub97c \ud1b5\uacfc\ud558\ub294 \uaddc\uce59\uc801\uc778 \uc5f4 \ud750\ub984\uc774 \ubc29\ud574\ub418\uc5b4 \uc5f4\uc804\ub3c4\uc728\uc774 \uac10\uc18c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uac70\ub3d9\uc740 \uc5f4\uc804\ub3c4\ub3c4\ub97c \uc81c\uc5b4\ud558\uc5ec \uc5f4\uc744 \uc804\uae30 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\ub85c \ubcc0\ud658\ud558\ub294 \ud6a8\uc728\uc131\uc744 \ud5a5\uc0c1\uc2dc\ud0ac \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc5f4\uc804 \uc7ac\ub8cc \uc124\uacc4\uc5d0 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc911\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"impurities\">\ubd88\uc21c\ubb3c<\/h3>\n<p>\uc18c\ub7c9\uc758 \ubd88\uc21c\ubb3c\uc774\ub77c\ub3c4 \uaca9\uc790\uc5d0 \ud63c\ub780\uc744 \uac00\uc838\uc62c \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\ub294 \ud3ec\ub17c\uc744 \uc0b0\ub780\uc2dc\ud0a4\uace0 \uc5f4 \uc804\ub2ec \ud6a8\uc728\uc744 \uac10\uc18c\uc2dc\ud0ac \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ubc29\uc5f4\ud310 \ubc0f \uc5f4 \uc778\ud130\ud398\uc774\uc2a4 \uc7ac\ub8cc\uc640 \uac19\uc774 \ub192\uc740 \uc5f4 \uc804\ub3c4\uc131\uc774 \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc778 \uc751\uc6a9 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub192\uc740 \uc21c\ub3c4 \uc218\uc900\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubc18\ub300\ub85c, \ud2b9\uc815 \ubd88\uc21c\ubb3c\uc744 \ub3c4\uc785\ud558\uba74 \uc5f4\uc804 \uc7a5\uce58\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ud2b9\uc815 \uc751\uc6a9 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0 \ub9de\uac8c \uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc758 \uc5f4 \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \uc870\uc815\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"3-lustrous-appearance\">3. \uc724\uae30\ub098\ub294 \uc678\uad00<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"electron-configuration\">\uc804\uc790 \uad6c\uc131<\/h3>\n<p>\uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc758 \uad11\ud0dd \uc788\ub294 \ud488\uc9c8\uc740 \uc804\uc790 \uad6c\uc131\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc804\uc790\uc758 \uc774\ub3d9\uc131\uc744 \uc5b4\ub290 \uc815\ub3c4 \ud5c8\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ube5b\ub098\ub294 \uc678\uad00\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uad11\ud0dd\ub098\ub294 \uc678\uad00\uc740 \uae08\uc18d\uacfc \uacf5\uc720\ub418\ub294 \ud2b9\uc131\uc778 \ube5b\uc744 \ubc18\uc0ac\ud558\ub294 \uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc758 \ub2a5\ub825\uc758 \uacb0\uacfc\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc804\uc790 \uad6c\uc131\uc740 \ube5b\uc758 \ud761\uc218 \ubc0f \uc7ac\ubc29\ucd9c\uc744 \ud5c8\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc5d0 \ud2b9\uc720\uc758 \uad11\ud0dd\uc744 \ubd80\uc5ec\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"applications-in-electronics\">\uc804\uc790\uacf5\ud559\uc758 \uc751\uc6a9<\/h3>\n<p>\uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58 \ubc0f \uac8c\ub974\ub9c8\ub284\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc758 \ubc18\uc0ac \ud488\uc9c8\uc740 \uc804\uc790 \ubd80\ud488 \uc81c\uc870\uc5d0 \ud65c\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc804\uc790\uc81c\ud488\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ubc18\uae08\uc18d\uc758 \uad11\ud0dd \uc788\ub294 \uc678\uad00\uc740 \uad11\ud761\uc218 \ubc0f \ubc18\uc0ac\uac00 \uc7a5\uce58 \uc131\ub2a5\uc5d0 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud558\ub294 \uad11\uac80\ucd9c\uae30 \ubc0f \ud0dc\uc591\uc804\uc9c0 \uc81c\uc870\uc5d0 \uc720\ub9ac\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"aesthetic-uses\">\ubbf8\uc801 \uc6a9\ub3c4<\/h3>\n<p>\uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc758 \ubc18\uc9dd\uc774\ub294 \ud45c\uba74\uc740 \ubcf4\uc11d\ubd80\ud130 \uac74\ucd95 \uad6c\uc870\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc81c\ud488\uc5d0 \uc2dc\uac01\uc801 \ub9e4\ub825\uc744 \ub354\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc740 \uac70\uc6b8 \ubc0f \uc7a5\uc2dd \ub9c8\uac10\uc7ac\uc6a9 \uace0\ud488\uc9c8 \ubc18\uc0ac \ucf54\ud305 \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubc18\uc9dd\uc774\ub294 \uae08\uc18d\uc131 \uc678\uad00\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uac00\uc804 \uc81c\ud488, \ubcf4\uc11d\ub958, \uc2ec\uc9c0\uc5b4 \ubbf8\uc801 \ub9e4\ub825\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uac74\ucd95 \uc790\uc7ac\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uae30\uc5d0 \ub9e4\ub825\uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"4-intermediate-density\">4. \uc911\uac04 \ubc00\ub3c4<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"comparison-with-other-elements\">\ub2e4\ub978 \uc694\uc18c\uc640\uc758 \ube44\uad50<\/h3>\n<p>\uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc740 \ube44\uae08\uc18d\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ubc00\ub3c4\uac00 \ub192\uc9c0\ub9cc \uae08\uc18d\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ubc00\ub3c4\uac00 \ub0ae\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc758 \uc911\uac04 \ubc00\ub3c4\ub294 \uac15\ub3c4\uc640 \ubb34\uac8c \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uade0\ud615\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uba70 \uc774\ub294 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc751\uc6a9 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc720\ub9ac\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58\uc758 \ubc00\ub3c4\ub294 \ucca0\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uae08\uc18d\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub0ae\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uac00\ubccd\uc9c0\ub9cc \uacac\uace0\ud55c \uc804\uc790 \uc7a5\uce58\uc5d0 \uc801\ud569\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\ud45c: \ubc00\ub3c4 \ube44\uad50<\/strong><\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 125px;\" width=\"525\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\uc694\uc18c<\/th>\n<th>\ubc00\ub3c4(g\/cm\u00b3)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\uaddc\uc18c<\/td>\n<td>2.33<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\uc54c\ub8e8\ubbf8\ub284<\/td>\n<td>2.70<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\ucca0<\/td>\n<td>7.87<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3 id=\"impact-on-applications\">\uc560\ud50c\ub9ac\ucf00\uc774\uc158\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uc601\ud5a5<\/h3>\n<p>\uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc758 \uc911\uac04 \ubc00\ub3c4\ub294 \ubb34\uac8c\uc640 \uac15\ub3c4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uade0\ud615\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \ud2b9\uc815 \uc0b0\uc5c5 \uc751\uc6a9 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0 \uc801\ud569\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58\uc740 \uc911\uac04 \ubc00\ub3c4\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uac00\ubccd\uace0 \uace0\uac15\ub3c4 \uc18c\uc7ac\uac00 \ud544\uc694\ud55c MEMS(\ubbf8\uc138 \uc804\uc790 \uae30\uacc4 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c)\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uae30\uc5d0 \uc774\uc0c1\uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \ubcf5\ud569 \uc7ac\ub8cc\uc5d0 \uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uba74 \ubb34\uac8c\ub97c \ucd5c\uc18c\ud654\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uae30\uacc4\uc801 \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \ud5a5\uc0c1\uc2dc\ud0ac \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"5-low-elasticity\">5. \ub0ae\uc740 \ud0c4\ub825\uc131<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"atomic-bonding\">\uc6d0\uc790 \uacb0\ud569<\/h3>\n<p>\uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc740 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uacf5\uc720 \uacb0\ud569\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uae08\uc18d\uc5d0 \ube44\ud574 \ub0ae\uc740 \ud0c4\uc131\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\uba70, \uc774\ub294 \uc751\ub825 \ud558\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6d0\uc790\uc758 \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc784\uc744 \uc81c\ud55c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc758 \uac15\ud55c \uacf5\uc720 \uacb0\ud569\uc740 \uc751\ub825\uc744 \ubc1b\uc744 \ub54c \uc6d0\uc790\uac00 \uc11c\ub85c \uc9c0\ub098\uccd0 \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc774\ub294 \ub2a5\ub825\uc744 \uc81c\ud55c\ud558\uc5ec \ud0c4\ub825\uc131\uc744 \ub0ae\ucda5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ud2b9\uc131\uc740 \uc720\uc5f0\uc131\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uac15\uc131\uc774 \ub354 \ubc14\ub78c\uc9c1\ud55c \uc751\uc6a9 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc911\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"practical-implications\">\uc2e4\ubb34\uc801 \uc2dc\uc0ac\uc810<\/h3>\n<p>\uc0c1\ub300\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub0ae\uc740 \ud0c4\uc131\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc740 \uc2a4\ud504\ub9c1\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c \ubcc0\ud615\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc751\uc6a9 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0 \uc801\ud569\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ub300\uc2e0, \uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc740 \ubaa8\uc591\uacfc \uad6c\uc870\uc801 \ubb34\uacb0\uc131\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc751\uc6a9 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0 \uc790\uc8fc \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \uc804\uc790 \uc81c\ud488\uc758 \uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58 \uc6e8\uc774\ud37c\ub294 \ud68c\ub85c\uc640 \ubd80\ud488\uc758 \uc801\uc808\ud55c \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \ubcf4\uc7a5\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uce58\uc218 \uc548\uc815\uc131\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"6-semiconducting-properties\">6. \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ud2b9\uc131<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"doping-techniques\">\ub3c4\ud551 \uae30\uc220<\/h3>\n<p>\ub3c4\ud551\uc740 \uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc758 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \uac15\ud654\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uba70, \uc774\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \uae30\uc220\uc5d0 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc911\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ub3c4\ud551 \uc218\uc900\uc744 \uc815\ubc00\ud558\uac8c \uc81c\uc5b4\ud558\uba74 \uc804\uae30\uc801 \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \ub9de\ucda4\ud654\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5b4 \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc, \ud2b8\ub79c\uc9c0\uc2a4\ud130, \uad11\uc804\uc9c0 \ub4f1 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \uc7a5\uce58\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uc628 \uc8fc\uc785 \ubc0f \ud655\uc0b0\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uae30\uc220\uc740 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc900\uae08\uc18d \uae30\ud310\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ud380\ud2b8\ub97c \ub3c4\uc785\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"band-gap\">\ubc34\ub4dc \uac2d<\/h3>\n<p>\uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc740 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \uc18c\uc790\uc5d0 \uc801\ud569\ud55c \ubc34\ub4dc \uac2d\uc744 \uac16\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc804\uae30 \uc804\ub3c4\uc131\uc744 \uc81c\uc5b4\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc758 \ubc34\ub4dc \uac2d\uc740 \uc804\uae30 \uc804\ub3c4 \ub2a5\ub825\uc744 \uacb0\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58\uc758 \ubc34\ub4dc \uac2d\uc740 1.1eV\ub85c \ub9ce\uc740 \uc804\uc790 \uc751\uc6a9 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0 \uc774\uc0c1\uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubc34\ub4dc \uac2d\uc740 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \uc7a5\uce58\uc758 \uc791\ub3d9\uc5d0 \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc778 \uc804\uc790 \ud750\ub984\uc758 \ud6a8\uc728\uc801\uc778 \uc81c\uc5b4\ub97c \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\uac8c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\ub2e4\uc774\uc5b4\uadf8\ub7a8: \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \ubc34\ub4dc \uac2d<\/strong><\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 158px;\" width=\"524\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\uc694\uc18c<\/th>\n<th>\ubc34\ub4dc \uac2d(eV)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\uaddc\uc18c<\/td>\n<td>1.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\uac8c\ub974\ub9c8\ub284<\/td>\n<td>0.7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\ubd95\uc18c<\/td>\n<td>1.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"7-amphoteric-behavior\">7. \uc591\ucabd\uc131 \ud589\ub3d9<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"reactions-with-acids-and-bases\">\uc0b0 \ubc0f \uc5fc\uae30\uc640\uc758 \ubc18\uc751<\/h3>\n<p>\uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc740 \uc0b0\uc131 \ubc0f \uc5fc\uae30\uc131 \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0bc \uc218 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc0b0\uacfc \uc5fc\uae30 \ubaa8\ub450\uc640 \ubc18\uc751\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc591\ucabd\uc131 \uac70\ub3d9\uc740 \uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc774 \uad11\ubc94\uc704\ud55c \ubc18\uc751\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ud574\uc8fc\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ud654\ud559 \uacf5\uc815\uc5d0 \uc720\uc775\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \uc0b0\ud654\uc54c\ub8e8\ubbf8\ub284\uc740 \uc0b0 \ubc0f \uc5fc\uae30 \ubaa8\ub450\uc640 \ubc18\uc751\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5b4 \ucd09\ub9e4 \uc791\uc6a9 \ubc0f \ud654\ud559 \ud569\uc131\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc751\uc6a9 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0 \uc720\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"oxides\">\uc0b0\ud654\ubb3c<\/h3>\n<p>\uc0b0\ud654\uc54c\ub8e8\ubbf8\ub284\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc900\uae08\uc18d \uc0b0\ud654\ubb3c\uc740 \uc0b0 \ubc0f \uc5fc\uae30 \ubaa8\ub450\uc640 \ubc18\uc751\ud558\uc5ec \uc11c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub978 \ud654\ud569\ubb3c\uc744 \ud615\uc131\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ubc18\uc751\uc740 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc0b0\uc5c5 \uacf5\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc911\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \uc774\uc0b0\ud654\uaddc\uc18c\ub294 \uc720\ub9ac \uc81c\uc870\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec \uad6c\uc131 \uc694\uc18c\uc77c \ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc808\uc5f0\uce35\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \ub370 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc7ac\ub8cc\ub85c\ub3c4 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"8-multiple-oxidation-states\">8. \ub2e4\uc911 \uc0b0\ud654 \uc0c1\ud0dc<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"examples-of-oxidation-states\">\uc0b0\ud654 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc758 \uc608<\/h3>\n<p>\uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc740 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc0b0\ud654 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0bc \uc218 \uc788\uc5b4 \ud654\ud559 \ubc18\uc751\uc758 \ub2e4\uc591\uc131\uc5d0 \uae30\uc5ec\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc0b0\ud654 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub97c \ucc44\ud0dd\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ub2a5\ub825\uc740 \uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc774 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc0b0\ud654\ud658\uc6d0 \ubc18\uc751\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ud558\uc5ec \ucd09\ub9e4 \uc791\uc6a9 \ubc0f \ubb3c\uc9c8 \ud569\uc131\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uacf5\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uce58 \uc788\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4ed\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\ubaa9\ub85d: \uc0b0\ud654 \uc0c1\ud0dc<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\ubd95\uc18c<\/strong>: +3, -3<\/li>\n<li><strong>\uaddc\uc18c<\/strong>: +4, -4<\/li>\n<li><strong>\ube44\uc18c<\/strong>: +3, +5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"impact-on-reactivity\">\ubc18\uc751\uc131\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uc601\ud5a5<\/h3>\n<p>\ub2e4\uc911 \uc0b0\ud654 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub97c \ucc44\ud0dd\ud558\ub294 \ub2a5\ub825\uc740 \uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc744 \ucd09\ub9e4 \uc791\uc6a9 \ubc0f \uae30\ud0c0 \ud654\ud559 \uacf5\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\uc7ac\ub2e4\ub2a5\ud558\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4ed\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \ube44\uc18c\uc758 \ub2e4\uc911 \uc0b0\ud654 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub294 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ud654\ud559 \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0b0\ud654\uc81c \ubc0f \ud658\uc6d0\uc81c \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc57c\uae08 \ubc0f \uc81c\uc57d\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc0b0\uc5c5 \uc751\uc6a9 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc720\uc6a9\uc131\uc744 \ud5a5\uc0c1\uc2dc\ud0b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"9-formation-of-alloys\">9. \ud569\uae08\uc758 \ud615\uc131<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"examples-of-alloys\">\ud569\uae08\uc758 \uc608<\/h3>\n<p>\uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc740 \uae08\uc18d\uacfc \ud569\uae08\uc744 \ud615\uc131\ud558\uc5ec \ubaa8\uc7ac \uae08\uc18d\uc758 \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \ud5a5\uc0c1\uc2dc\ud0ac \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ud569\uae08\uc740 \ud5a5\uc0c1\ub41c \uae30\uacc4\uc801, \uc5f4\uc801, \uc804\uae30\uc801 \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ubbc0\ub85c \uad11\ubc94\uc704\ud55c \uc751\uc6a9 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uce58\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58-\uc54c\ub8e8\ubbf8\ub284 \ud569\uae08\uc740 \uac15\ub3c4\uc640 \uc8fc\uc870\uc131\uc774 \ub6f0\uc5b4\ub09c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc54c\ub824\uc838 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc790\ub3d9\ucc28 \ubc0f \ud56d\uacf5\uc6b0\uc8fc \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc5d0 \uc720\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"properties-of-alloys\">\ud569\uae08\uc758 \uc131\uc9c8<\/h3>\n<p>\uc900\uae08\uc18d \ud569\uae08\uc740 \uc804\uc790 \ubc0f \uad6c\uc870 \uc7ac\ub8cc\uc5d0 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uac00 \ub9ce\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58-\uac8c\ub974\ub9c8\ub284 \ud569\uae08\uc740 \uc21c\uc218 \uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58\uc774\ub098 \uac8c\ub974\ub9c8\ub284\uc5d0 \ube44\ud574 \uc804\uc790\uc801 \ud2b9\uc131\uc774 \ub6f0\uc5b4\ub098 \uace0\uae09 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \uc7a5\uce58\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ud569\uae08\uc740 \uace0\uc18d \ubc0f \uace0\uc8fc\ud30c \uc751\uc6a9 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \ub354 \ub098\uc740 \uc131\ub2a5\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\ucc28\ud2b8: \uc900\uae08\uc18d \ud569\uae08\uc758 \ud2b9\uc131<\/strong><\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 58px;\" width=\"735\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\ud569\uae08<\/th>\n<th>\ube44\uae08\uc18d<\/th>\n<th>\ud5a5\uc0c1\ub41c \uc18d\uc131<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58-\uc54c\ub8e8\ubbf8\ub284<\/td>\n<td>\uc54c\ub8e8\ubbf8\ub284<\/td>\n<td>\uac15\ub3c4\uc640 \uc8fc\uc870\uc131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"10-chemical-reactivity\">10. \ud654\ud559\uc801 \ubc18\uc751\uc131<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"reactions-with-halogens\">\ud560\ub85c\uac90\uacfc\uc758 \ubc18\uc751<\/h3>\n<p>\uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc740 \ud560\ub85c\uac90\uacfc \ubc18\uc751\ud558\uc5ec \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ud654\ud559 \uacf5\uc815\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \uc548\uc815\uc801\uc778 \ud560\ub85c\uac90\ud654\ubb3c\uc744 \ud615\uc131\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ubc18\uc751\uc740 \ub09c\uc5f0\uc81c \ubc0f \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc7ac\ub8cc \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc5d0 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc911\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58\uc740 \uc5fc\uc18c\uc640 \ubc18\uc751\ud558\uc5ec \uc804\uc790 \uc7a5\uce58\uc6a9 \uace0\uc21c\ub3c4 \uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58 \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec \uc911\uac04\uccb4\uc778 \uc0ac\uc5fc\ud654\uaddc\uc18c\ub97c \ud615\uc131\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"redox-behavior\">\uc0b0\ud654\ud658\uc6d0 \uac70\ub3d9<\/h3>\n<p>\uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc740 \ud654\ud559\uc801 \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ud658\uc6d0\uc81c\ub098 \uc0b0\ud654\uc81c\ub85c \uc791\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc774\uc911 \uae30\ub2a5\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc740 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ud654\ud559 \ubc18\uc751\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\uc7ac\ub2e4\ub2a5\ud558\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \ube44\uc18c\ub294 \ud658\uc6d0 \ubc18\uc751\uacfc \uc0b0\ud654 \ubc18\uc751\uc5d0 \ubaa8\ub450 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc815\uc218 \ubc0f \uae08\uc18d \ucd94\ucd9c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uacf5\uc815\uc5d0 \uc720\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\ub2e4\uc774\uc5b4\uadf8\ub7a8: \uc0b0\ud654\ud658\uc6d0 \uac70\ub3d9<\/strong><\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 110px;\" width=\"740\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\uc694\uc18c<\/th>\n<th>\uc0b0\ud654\uc81c<\/th>\n<th>\ud658\uc6d0\uc81c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\ube44\uc18c<\/td>\n<td>\uc608<\/td>\n<td>\uc608<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\uc548\ud2f0\ubaac<\/td>\n<td>\uc608<\/td>\n<td>\uc608<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"11-role-in-semiconductor-technology\">11. \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \uae30\uc220\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc5ed\ud560<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"silicon-and-germanium\">\uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58\uacfc \uac8c\ub974\ub9c8\ub284<\/h3>\n<p>\uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58\uacfc \uac8c\ub974\ub9c8\ub284\uc740 \uc804\uc790 \uc7a5\uce58 \uc81c\uc870\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \uae30\uc220\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc740 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc758 \uc911\ucd94\ub85c\uc11c \ud2b8\ub79c\uc9c0\uc2a4\ud130, \uc9d1\uc801 \ud68c\ub85c \ubc0f \uad11\uc804\uc9c0 \uac1c\ubc1c\uc744 \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\uac8c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4\uc758 \ub3c5\ud2b9\ud55c \uc804\uae30\uc801 \ud2b9\uc131\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \ud604\ub300 \uc804\uc790 \uc81c\ud488\uc5d0 \uc5c6\uc5b4\uc11c\ub294 \uc548 \ub420 \uc694\uc18c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"fabrication-processes\">\uc81c\uc870 \uacf5\uc815<\/h3>\n<p>\uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc758 \uace0\uc720\ud55c \ud2b9\uc131\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \uc81c\uc870\uc758 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc81c\uc870 \uacf5\uc815\uc5d0 \uc801\ud569\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ud654\ud559 \uae30\uc0c1 \uc99d\ucc29(CVD) \ubc0f \ubd84\uc790 \ube54 \uc5d0\ud53c\ud0dd\uc2dc(MBE)\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uacf5\uc815\uc740 \uc870\uc131\uacfc \ub450\uaed8\ub97c \uc815\ubc00\ud558\uac8c \uc81c\uc5b4\ud558\uc5ec \uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc758 \ubc15\ub9c9\uc744 \uc131\uc7a5\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \ub370 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uae30\uc220\uc740 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \uad6c\uc870\uc758 \uace0\uc131\ub2a5 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \uc7a5\uce58\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \ub370 \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"12-influence-of-impurities\">12. \ubd88\uc21c\ubb3c\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"doping-effects\">\ub3c4\ud551 \ud6a8\uacfc<\/h3>\n<p>\ubd88\uc21c\ubb3c\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac\ub294 \uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc758 \ud2b9\uc131, \ud2b9\ud788 \uc804\uae30 \ubc0f \uc5f4 \uc804\ub3c4\uc131\uc744 \ud06c\uac8c \ubcc0\ud654\uc2dc\ud0ac \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc81c\uc5b4\ub41c \ub3c4\ud551\uc740 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \uc7a5\uce58\uc758 \uc131\ub2a5\uc744 \ud5a5\uc0c1\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \ub370 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58\uc5d0 \ubd95\uc18c\ub97c \ucca8\uac00\ud558\uba74 p\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\uac00 \uc0dd\uc131\ub418\uace0, \uc778\uc744 \ucca8\uac00\ud558\uba74 n\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\uac00 \uc0dd\uc131\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ub3c4\ud551\ub41c \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc740 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc9c0\uc2a4\ud130 \ubc0f \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc804\uc790 \uc7a5\uce58\uc758 \uc791\ub3d9\uc5d0 \uc911\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"material-purity\">\uc7ac\ub8cc \uc21c\ub3c4<\/h3>\n<p>\ub192\uc740 \uc5f4 \uc804\ub3c4\uc131\uc774 \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc778 \uc751\uc6a9 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc7ac\ub8cc \uc21c\ub3c4\ub97c \uc81c\uc5b4\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uace0\uc21c\ub3c4 \uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58\uc740 \ud6a8\uc728\uc801\uc778 \ud0dc\uc591\uc804\uc9c0\uc640 \ucca8\ub2e8 \uc804\uc790\uc18c\uc790\ub97c \uc0dd\uc0b0\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc774\ub2e4. \ubd88\uc21c\ubb3c\uc740 \uc131\ub2a5\uc744 \uc800\ud558\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uacb0\ud568\uc744 \uc720\ubc1c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uc5c4\uaca9\ud55c \uc21c\ub3c4 \ud45c\uc900\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc5d0 \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"13-temperature-dependent-properties\">13. \uc628\ub3c4 \uc758\uc874\uc801 \ud2b9\uc131<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"electrical-conductivity\">\uc804\uae30 \uc804\ub3c4\uc131<\/h3>\n<p>\uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc758 \uc804\uae30\uc801 \ud2b9\uc131\uc740 \uc628\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ubcc0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uc13c\uc11c \ubc0f \uae30\ud0c0 \uc628\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ubbfc\uac10\ud55c \uc751\uc6a9 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uae30\uc5d0 \uc801\ud569\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc11c\ubbf8\uc2a4\ud130 \ubc0f \uc628\ub3c4 \uc13c\uc11c\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc628\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ubbfc\uac10\ud55c \uc7a5\uce58\ub294 \uc628\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc758 \uc804\uae30 \uc800\ud56d\uc758 \uc608\uce21 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \ubcc0\ud654\uc5d0 \uc758\uc874\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc18d\uc131\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc0b0\uc5c5 \ubc0f \uc18c\ube44\uc790 \uc751\uc6a9 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc815\ud655\ud55c \uc628\ub3c4 \uce21\uc815 \ubc0f \uc81c\uc5b4\uac00 \uac00\ub2a5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"thermal-conductivity\">\uc5f4 \uc804\ub3c4\uc131<\/h3>\n<p>\uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc758 \uc5f4\uc804\ub3c4\ub3c4\ub294 \uc628\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ub2ec\ub77c\uc9c0\uba70 \uc5f4\uc804 \uc7ac\ub8cc\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce69\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc5f4\uc744 \uc804\uae30\ub85c \ubcc0\ud658\ud558\ub294 \uc5f4\uc804\uc7ac\ub8cc\ub294 \uc5f4\uc804\ub3c4\uc728\uc758 \uc815\ubc00\ud55c \uc81c\uc5b4\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ub824 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac00\ubcc0 \uc5f4\uc804\ub3c4\uc728\uc744 \uac16\ub294 \uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc740 \uc5f4\uc804 \uc7a5\uce58\uc758 \uc131\ub2a5\uc744 \ucd5c\uc801\ud654\ud558\uc5ec \ud6a8\uc728\uc131\uacfc \ud6a8\uc728\uc131\uc744 \ud5a5\uc0c1\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub3c4\ub85d \uc124\uacc4\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"14-reactivity-with-halogens\">14. \ud560\ub85c\uac90\uacfc\uc758 \ubc18\uc751\uc131<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"formation-of-halides\">\ud560\ub85c\uac90\ud654\ubb3c\uc758 \ud615\uc131<\/h3>\n<p>\uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc740 \ud560\ub85c\uac90\uacfc \ubc18\uc751\ud558\uc5ec \ud560\ub85c\uac90\ud654\ubb3c\uc744 \ud615\uc131\ud558\uba70 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc0b0\uc5c5 \uc751\uc6a9 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc0ac\uc5fc\ud654\uaddc\uc18c, \uc0bc\ubd88\ud654\ubd95\uc18c \ub4f1\uc758 \ud560\ub85c\uac90\ud654\ubb3c\uc740 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ubc0f \ud654\ud559 \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc758 \uace0\uc21c\ub3c4 \uc7ac\ub8cc \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc5d0 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc911\uac04\uccb4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4 \ud654\ud569\ubb3c\uc740 \uc548\uc815\uc131\uacfc \ubc18\uc751\uc131\uc774 \uc720\ub9ac\ud55c \ub09c\uc5f0\uc81c\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc751\uc6a9 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"applications-of-halides\">\ud560\ub85c\uac90\ud654\ubb3c\uc758 \uc751\uc6a9<\/h3>\n<p>\uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc73c\ub85c \ud615\uc131\ub41c \ud560\ub85c\uac90\ud654\ubb3c\uc740 \ub09c\uc5f0\uc81c \ubc0f \uae30\ud0c0 \ud654\ud559 \uc81c\ud488\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \ud560\ub85c\uac90\ud654\ubd95\uc18c\ub294 \ubd95\uc18c \ud568\uc720 \ub09c\uc5f0\uc81c \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uba70, \uc774\ub294 \uc778\ud654\uc131\uc744 \uc904\uc774\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ud3f4\ub9ac\uba38\uc5d0 \ucca8\uac00\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc7ac\ub8cc\ub294 \uc18c\ube44\uc790 \uc81c\ud488 \ubc0f \uac74\ucd95 \uc790\uc7ac\uc758 \uc548\uc804\uc131\uc744 \ud5a5\uc0c1\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \ub370 \uc911\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"15-environmental-and-biological-impact\">15. \ud658\uacbd \ubc0f \uc0dd\ubb3c\ud559\uc801 \uc601\ud5a5<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"toxicity\">\ub3c5\uc131<\/h3>\n<p>\ube44\uc18c\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc77c\ubd80 \uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc740 \uace0\ub18d\ub3c4\uc5d0\uc11c \ub3c5\uc131\uc774 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uc8fc\uc758 \uae4a\uc740 \uad00\ub9ac\uac00 \ud544\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \ube44\uc18c\ub294 \ub3c5\uc131\uc774 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ub192\uc73c\uba70 \uc12d\ucde8\ud558\uac70\ub098 \ud761\uc785\ud560 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc2ec\uac01\ud55c \uac74\uac15 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \uc77c\uc73c\ud0ac \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud658\uacbd\uc624\uc5fc\uc744 \uc608\ubc29\ud558\uace0 \uc778\ub958\uc758 \uac74\uac15\uc744 \ubcf4\ud638\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \ub3c5\uc131 \uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc744 \uad00\ub9ac\ud558\uace0 \ubaa8\ub2c8\ud130\ub9c1\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"beneficial-uses\">\uc720\uc775\ud55c \uc6a9\ub3c4<\/h3>\n<p>\ubd95\uc18c\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc740 \uc18c\ub7c9\uc73c\ub85c \ud544\uc218 \uc601\uc591\uc18c\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub300\ub7c9\uc73c\ub85c \uc12d\ucde8\ud558\uba74 \ud574\ub85c\uc6b8 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ubd95\uc18c\ub294 \uc2dd\ubb3c \uc131\uc7a5\uc5d0 \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc774\uba70 \uc791\ubb3c \uc218\ud655\ub7c9\uc744 \ud5a5\uc0c1\uc2dc\ud0a4\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ube44\ub8cc\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uacfc\ub3c4\ud55c \ubd95\uc18c\ub294 \uc2dd\ubb3c\uacfc \ub3d9\ubb3c\uc5d0\uac8c \ub3c5\uc131\uc774 \uc788\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \ucd5c\uc18c\ud654\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc774\uc810\uc744 \uadf9\ub300\ud654\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ubd95\uc18c \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc758 \uade0\ud615\uc744 \ub9de\ucd94\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"conclusion\">\uacb0\ub860<\/h2>\n<p>\uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc740 \uae08\uc18d\uc131 \ubc0f \ube44\uae08\uc18d\uc131 \ud2b9\uc131\uc774 \ub3c5\ud2b9\ud558\uac8c \ud63c\ud569\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5b4 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc751\uc6a9 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\uc7ac\ub2e4\ub2a5\ud558\uac8c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uae08\uc18d\uc131 \uc678\uad00\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc \ubd80\uc11c\uc9c0\uae30 \uc27d\uace0 \ub2e8\uc9c0 \uacf5\uc815\ud55c \uc804\uae30 \uc804\ub3c4\uccb4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58, \uac8c\ub974\ub9c8\ub284\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc740 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc911\uc694\ud558\uba70, \ud604\ub300 \uae30\uc220\uc758 \uae30\ucd08\uac00 \ub418\ub294 \uc804\uc790 \ubd80\ud488 \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc744 \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\uac8c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud569\uae08\uc744 \ud615\uc131\ud558\ub294 \ub2a5\ub825\uacfc \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc804\uc790, \ud0dc\uc591\uad11 \ubc1c\uc804 \ubc0f \ud569\uae08 \uac1c\ubc1c\uc5d0 \ud601\uc2e0\uc744 \uac00\uc838\uc62c \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc804\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc900\uae08\uc18d\uc740 \ub3c5\ud2b9\ud55c \ud2b9\uc131\uacfc \uac70\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uae30\uc220\uacfc \uc7ac\ub8cc \uacfc\ud559 \ubc1c\uc804\uc5d0 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Table of Contents Introduction 1. Intermediate Electrical Conductivity Valence Band Structure Temperature Dependence Doping and Impurities 2. Variable Thermal Conductivity Crystal Structure Temperature Effects Impurities 3. Lustrous Appearance Electron Configuration Applications in Electronics Aesthetic Uses 4. Intermediate Density Comparison with Other Elements Impact on Applications 5. Low Elasticity Atomic Bonding Practical Implications 6. Semiconducting Properties [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2682,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_gspb_post_css":"","content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2665","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mechanical-design-tips"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/machining-quote.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2665","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/machining-quote.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/machining-quote.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/machining-quote.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/machining-quote.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2665"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/machining-quote.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2665\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2679,"href":"https:\/\/machining-quote.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2665\/revisions\/2679"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/machining-quote.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2682"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/machining-quote.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2665"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/machining-quote.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2665"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/machining-quote.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2665"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}